![]() ![]() ![]() The chapter covers physical health, with a focus on general well-being, health behaviors, cardiovascular disease, and cancer reproductive and sexual health, including fertility violence and victimization and mental and behavioral health. It is outside the scope of this report to assess SGD population health in international contexts, though this is an important area of scholarship. This chapter reviews the literature on physical and mental health in SGD populations in the United States, identifies major group differences, describes drivers of disparities, and highlights opportunities for interventions to address these disparities. Research has also begun to underscore, however, the degree to which resilience and effective interventions can mitigate health risks and help reduce these disparities. The intensity and effects of drivers of disparities can vary across the life course and among different SGD communities on the basis of factors such as race, age, and gender. These drivers include stigma minority stress exposures, such as discrimination and other behavioral, environmental, and structural risk factors. Recent research emphasizes the complexity of the multilevel and intersecting factors that influence the well-being of SGD people and drive disparities in health status, health care access, and health outcomes in SGD populations. Since the Institute of Medicine report, The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding (2011), the published literature on the physical and mental health of sexual and gender diverse (SGD) populations has expanded substantially. ![]()
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